Venture Capitalists
Thank God for venture capitalists. They take risks with their own money instead of mine as a taxpayer.
Your description of pharma "pushing risks off on venture capitalists" is a mischaracterization. VC's often risk their money on development. No drug company is "pushing this risk onto VCs".
If the VCs develop a viable drug they do not have the capital to get the FDA approvals and market the drug. So they sell out to a larger company who has the resources to get approval and market the drug.
Thankfully this system is delivering much needed drugs that improve the quality of life for millions of people.