What about Sputnik, duh
Why did we have a Space Race, not to get to the moon, but to ensure our superiority in Space and with ballistic missiles. Sputnik told the US we can hit you anywhere any time. SAC went into 24 hour continuous shifts where we had a nuclear bomber in the sky every day for years. We were scared to death. Maybe you do not remember the drills, "Duck and Cover" but they left out "and kiss your ass goodbye."