Good Subject
How the brain functions is a great mystery. We can see what is happening but not well enough to understand what it is that is happening. This is like the koan about a sword being sharp enough to cut anything but not itself.
Kurt Vonnegan in "Breakfast of Champions" shows that what we are and what we do is based on the chemistry in the brain, bad chemistry makes for bad behavior. There was a study that found that there is no free will because the brain actions can be explained as a chemical reaction to events. I don't agree with Vonnegut's idea or that we have no free will.
As the article states, the number of disciplines involved range from chemistry, psychology, biology and physics. The research has already provided mind controlled machines that help the handicapped. Further research should be interesting and insightful.