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The TWIKE: World’s only human-electric hybrid car

By | March 20, 2013, 4:30 AM PDT

Now here’s an idea that’s about as environmentally-friendly as they come: an electric, human-powered hybrid (HEHV).

Yes, it does kind of have that primitive Flintstones ring to it. But one company has already proven that such a car can be perfectly serviceable for those who don’t mind putting in some peddling. The TWIKE, developed by the German firm Fine Mobile, is a three-wheel two-seater that’s not only street legal in America and Europe, but also available for a little more than $20,000. It’s been on the market for nearly 20 years and has just celebrated the completion of it’s 1,000th vehicle.

The TWIKE is as ambitious of a concept today as it was back when it first became that rare oddity in a world dominated by gas-guzzlers. Taking it on a road trip can be tricky and even requires completing a training course to obtain a special driver’s license. Instead of a standard steering wheel, navigating the car is done through a joystick. Beneath the driver’s feet is the direct drive pedal power system, which transfers input straight to the drivetrain. The system also captures energy from regenerative braking.

At higher speeds, the vehicle is powered mostly by onboard lithium ion batteries. And even when the driver is breaking a sweat, it’s very difficult to stay on highways for a significant amount of time without quickly needing to pull into a recharging station.  Top speed is around 55 miles per hour, though some enthusiasts have reported speeds in the 65 mph range.

The website Treehugger recently visited the TWIKE plant in Germany to explore the pros and cons of getting around using a partially man-powered car. After a test drive, here’s a rough breakdown of what they found:

Möscheid enthuses that the best way to drive a TWIKE is to pedal just below a sweat-inducing speed. In the city, where cars can move barely faster than bicycle speed, the TWIKE finds its element. Driver and passenger arrive at their destination exhilarated but not stinky; range extends to up to 200 km (124 miles) at such lower speeds.

But with any vehicle that doesn’t use gas, strategic charging is necessity:

Möscheid explains how he uses the LEMnet to identify recharge points along his planned route. He looks for a refueling point about every 125 km (75 miles) for a sufficient safety net to ensure the TWIKE does not run out of power in the still sparse landscape of EV-charging opportunities.

By now, you can see why something like a TWIKE, though appealing on many levels, isn’t suitable as a reliable all-purpose vehicle. And to be frank, the reason many people opt for cars is so that they can get to places without having to do more than pressing on the gas pedal. If there is a place for human-assisted hybrids, it would be for traveling to destinations that are too far for bicycling but not far enough to require a recharge. Kind of like how you shouldn’t use a plastic butter knife to cut cheese, though you wouldn’t need a meat cleaver either.

But for the die-hard hypermilers out there, go ahead and pedal to your heart’s delight.

(via Treehugger)

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    Tuan Nguyen

    About Tuan Nguyen

    Tuan C. Nguyen was a contributing editor for SmartPlanet from 2011 to 2013.

    Tuan Nguyen

    Tuan Nguyen

    Contributing Editor

    Tuan C. Nguyen is a freelance science journalist based in New York City. He has written for the U.S. News and World Report, Fox News, MSNBC, ABC News, AOL, Yahoo! News and LiveScience. Formerly, he was reporter and producer for the technology section of ABCNews.com. He holds degrees from the University of California Los Angeles and the City University of New York's Graduate School of Journalism.

    Follow him on Twitter.

    Tuan Nguyen

    Tuan Nguyen

    Tuan C. Nguyen does not hold any investments in the technology companies he covers.

    He writes for SmartPlanet and is not an employee of CBS.

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    -1 Votes
    + -
    A good alternative.
    This looks like a great foul weather alternative for those hard core people who like to ride a bike everywhere.

    While not as compatible with urban apartment living as a regular bike, and I would not want to try driving this thing in snow, for the wealthy suburban bicycle commuter this could be a fairly slick alternative to riding an open bike.

    With a top speed of 55 mph I would not take it on a highway, but it does open up many more roads to travel for a bicycle enthusiast without slowing down traffic.

    I am also surprised it does not split the battery pack into 2 and use existing charger technology to allow the vehicle to run off one battery pack while the person pedals to recharge the second pack. The charging technology exists. I have seen it in use on fishing boats with trolling motors. Instead of pedals working a small alternator they use a small solar panel to charge batteries while they are off line.
    Posted by Hates Idiots
    20th Mar
    +2 Votes
    + -
    Snow drive capability
    "...I would not want to try driving this thing in snow..." well, original produced in "snow-country" Switzerland the TWIKE drives great on snow! It makes sooo much fun to snowtwike!
    Posted by TWIKE MAROC
    20th Mar
    +1 Vote
    + -
    TWIKE autonomy
    Great TWIKE article. Here some corrections:-)
    "And even when the driver is breaking a sweat, its very difficult to stay on highways for a significant amount of time without quickly needing to pull into a recharging station."

    Well, for the "new generation" TWIKE there is an autonomy of over 250km available. This means to stay on highway with highspeed at least for 200km. These TWIKEs own batteries of 36Ah. Means about staying on a highway about 3hours:-)
    Posted by TWIKE MAROC
    20th Mar
    +1 Vote
    + -
    No special TWIKE license demanded required
    Some more corrections:-)
    " Taking it on a road trip can be tricky and even requires completing a training course to obtain a special drivers license."

    What kind of special driver's license? In Germany the normal car driver's license is required, for the US it might be the motorcycle license as it is here in Morroco demanded:-)
    Posted by TWIKE MAROC
    20th Mar
    +2 Votes
    + -
    Twiking possible without pedaling
    "And to be frank, the reason many people opt for cars is so that they can get to places without having to do more than pressing on the gas pedal."

    Same same with the TWIKE. You even just have to push a tiny button to move on:-) Pedaling is a possibility not not a duty:-)
    Posted by TWIKE MAROC
    20th Mar
    +1 Vote
    + -
    $20,000? Yikes!
    If your aim is to save money on fuel while getting some exercise, this only fulfills half of that desire. Take years to break even...maybe even decades. So the aim better be cleaner air. Even then, it's a steep price to pay. It's no wonder they've only sold an average of 50 units a year. That's less than one a week. Must be totally hand built.
    Posted by justajo
    20th Mar
    +1 Vote
    + -
    Aim to save money on fuel is not everything
    Dear Justajo,

    if you aim to save money on fuel, you should walk or bike:-) I advise you to get some more information about e-mobility for understanding the problematic behind, even with the price. Do you think really people buy e-vehicles to save money on first place? But it's true, as a TWIKE pilot I can tell you I do save money on fuel, the battery prize I will admortise in some years. Just try to see it from another point of view. By paying the prize of an e-mobile, you already pay your fuel for the following 5 years. Just the difference that you pay it in advance. So how much you pay for your fuel for 5 years?
    Posted by TWIKE MAROC
    20th Mar
    0 Votes
    + -
    Rural North America
    If it can handle the snows of Switzerland, it might just be able to handle the snow around here.

    I also found these options on their website:
    LiIon Mn, 2 x 5,6 Ah, range: 30 - 062 miles, ~ 38 kg
    LiIon Mn, 3 x 5,6 Ah, range: 45 - 094 miles, ~ 57 kg
    LiIon Mn, 4 x 5,6 Ah, range: 60 - 125 miles, ~ 76 kg
    If you need more range, please just ask.
    We can provide a TWIKE with a range up to 200 miles.
    (That 320km for those who want to know.)

    200 miles would be the minimum for consideration around here. I'd actually be able to get to the big city with that. But I'd need 115km/h speed for the mid-portion of that. (55mph = 88km/h)

    However, I couldn't find the necessary technical information on what it needs for recharging. 110-120VAC is all that we'd have available around here. Perhaps TWIKE MAROC might have some answers.
    Posted by mheartwood
    20th Mar
    +1 Vote
    + -
    The manufacture of the modern-day sports car began
    The manufacture of the modern-day sports car began only after 1945, when the economy started booming, technology developed dramatically and better roads were being built. They came in various shapes like convertibles, roadsters, coupes, grand tourers and sedans.muscle car restoration san diego
    Posted by howarddavies22
    24th Mar
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